This year it wasn't until July 14th that Downtown Los Angeles topped the 90°F mark, and Woodland Hills the 100°F mark. Through mid August we'd had only one short (four day) heatwave. But it's Southern California, and you knew sooner or later temps would soar.

Since the middle of the month temperatures have been above seasonal norms, and particularly so the last couple of days. Monday and Tuesday, Downtown Los Angeles recorded highs of 98°F and 94°F, and Pierce College in Woodland Hills hit 104°F and then a scorching 111°F. This afternoon temperatures downtown have been a few degrees cooler than yesterday, but at Pierce College temps have been just about as hot as yesterday. The good news is an upper level trough is forecast to move onshore in the western U.S. this weekend. In Southern California this will result in a deeper marine layer, and dramatically cooler temperatures.

Intellicast composite radar shows some strong thunderstorm activity in Southern California this afternoon. In some cases hail is indicated, with tops reaching 50,000 ft.

The rapid cooling of equatorial Pacific SSTs took a bit of a breather at the the beginning of August, with SST departures leveling out in Nino regions 3.4 and 4, and even warming somewhat in Nino regions 1+2 and 3. But subsurface temperatures remained cool, and in the last ten days surface temperatures have once again been on the decrease. Here is a comparison of TAO 5-day SST anomalies for August 14 and August 24. TAO data from August 24 shows SST anomalies of -2°C, or greater, extending from 95°W, nearly to the dateline.

Update 08/27/10. Thursday the high at Downtown Los Angeles (USC) was 87°F. Pierce College in Woodland Hills topped out at 107°F. In the 9:00 hour this morning Pierce College temps are running 11°F to 12°F cooler than yesterday.

Update 08/26/10. Wednesday the high at Downtown Los Angeles (USC) was 90°F. Pierce College in Woodland Hills topped out at 109°F. Today's temps should be a near repeat of yesterday's. Big cool down kicks in on Friday, and continues into Sunday. Looks like inland highs will drop around 10°F (give or take) each day. A warming trend is forecast for next week.

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Following a 26 day stretch in which the temperature at Downtown Los Angeles was below normal 25 of the days, and several lowest maximum temperature records were set around the area, temperatures have soared, and record high temperatures for the date have been recorded at several locations.

On June 30, Downtown Los Angeles ended the water year about 8% above normal. Some stations in the Los Angeles area recorded more than this and some less. There was a wide range of values. For example, Long Beach Airport was about 20% above normal and Santa Barbara Airport about 23% above; but Camarillo Airport reported 31% below normal rainfall. Here's an AHPS graphic showing the percent of normal precipitation in California and the Southwest for the year ending July 1 at 12z.

Equatorial Pacific SSTs have generally continued to cool. According to the CPC's Weekly ENSO Update, issued July 12, the latest weekly SST departures were -1.3°C (Niño1+2), -1.0°C (Niño 3), -0.8°C (Niño 3.4), and -0.4°C (Niño 4). According to the CPC, La Niña conditions occur "when the monthly Niño3.4 OISST departures meet or exceed -0.5°C along with consistent atmospheric features. These anomalies must also be forecasted to persist for 3 consecutive months."

Reflecting the transition from El Nino to La Nina conditions, the Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) for May-June experienced an unprecedented drop for the time of year, decreasing nearly 1 standard deviation to a value of -0.41. In addition, the Global Wind Oscillation (GWO) has orbited about -2 SD down on the La Nina side of the phase space plot, and with the atmosphere in a generally low momentum state, may be in that neighborhood for a while.

The most recent IRI ENSO Update, released July 15, projects "an approximately 80% probability for continuing La Niña conditions, and a 20% probability for returning neutral ENSO conditions. "

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Equatorial Pacific SSTs have continued to cool and TAO/TRITON data shows -1.0°C or greater anomalies extending from 95°W to beyond 150°W. According to the CPC's Weekly ENSO Update, issued June 21, the latest weekly SST departures were -0.7°C (Niño1+2), -0.6°C (Niño 3), -0.5°C (Niño 3.4), and 0.0°C (Niño 4). An anomaly of -0.5°C in the Niño 3.4 region is the threshold for La Nina conditions.

The Global Wind Oscillation (GWO) has spiraled well into La Niña territory. The global relative atmospheric angular momentum anomaly is at its lowest value since March 2008, during the La Niña of 2007-2008.

Based on equatorial Pacific SSTs, section plots, tradewinds and cloudiness; and the GWO and AAM; a transition to La Nina conditions appears to be underway.

It looks like Downtown Los Angeles (USC) will likely end the July 1 - June 30 water year having recorded 16.36 inches of rain. This is more than an inch above the 1971-2000 annual climate norm of 15.14 inches.

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Woodland Hills (Pierce College) topped the 90° mark for the first time this year Memorial Day weekend, and after cooling a few degrees during the week, temperatures are back into the 90's this afternoon. A quick look at temps around the area shows temps near 70 on the coast; 80's to 90's in the valleys, and triple digits in the deserts.

Reflecting the transition to ENSO neutral conditions, the Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) for April-May declined to 0.54. According to the CPC's Weekly ENSO Update, issued June 1, the latest weekly SST departures are -0.6°C (Niño1+2), -0.4°C (Niño 3), -0.2°C (Niño 3.4), and 0.4°C (Niño 4).

In his May 2010 MEI discussion Klaus Wolter projected the probability of a La Nina event emerging by the end of 2010 at roughly 50%. In it's May 2010 ENSO Quick Look, the International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI) put the probability of La Nina conditions from the August-October season through the remainder of 2010 at 42%. We'll see!

Downtown Los Angeles (USC) has recorded 16.36 inches of rain since the water year began July 1. This is more than an inch above the 1971-2000 annual climate norm of 15.14 inches. The water year ends June 30. Climatology and current forecasts suggest it is unlikely that this total will change by more than a hundredth or two before the end of the month.

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During the last month the 2009-10 El Niño has essentially transitioned to ENSO neutral conditions. Over the course of the event, the Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) peaked in JAN/FEB at 1.5, and the Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) peaked in NDJ at 1.8. The mean 5-day averaged November 1 to March 31 relative AAM anomaly was 0.304. The strongest El Niño forcing appeared to have occurred in late January after the active phase of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) enhanced El Nino convection in the equatorial Pacific. Here's a chart comparing the 2009-10 El Niño to 17 other warm ENSO episodes that have occurred since 1950.

Dynamical and statistical ENSO model forecasts suggest the possibility that equatorial Pacific SSTs will continue to decline, leading to weak to moderate La Niña conditions by late Summer or Fall. A return to El Niño conditions does not appear likely, but cannot be ruled out. In his May MEI discussion, Klaus Wolter points out that the 1957-1958 El Nino, an analog to the 2009-2010 El Niño, rebounded after dropping into neutral territory.

Downtown Los Angeles (USC) has recorded 16.31 inches of rain since the water year began July 1. This is more than an inch above the 1971-2000 annual climate norm of 15.14 inches. Recent runs of the GFS and ECMWF show a negatively tilted trough deepening and moving onshore early next week. At this point it looks like there's a pretty good chance of showers north of Pt. Conception, but only a slight chance down here. We'll see!

Update 05/18/10. Stations in the Los Angeles area generally recorded under a tenth of an inch from this system. Some isolated totals of about 0.25 inch were recorded in Ventura and Santa Barbara county, and Rocky Butte in San Luis Obispo recorded 0.48 inch. Here is an archived copy of a NWS Public Information Statement with some rainfall totals from around the area.

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A classic cold front associated with a cold upper level low and Pacific trough pushed through Southern California overnight Sunday, producing rain at the lower elevations and snow at the higher elevations. Scattered convective showers and isolated thunderstorms followed in the wake of the front as the low and trough slowly moved onshore. TV news reports showed marble sized hail produced by a strong cell in the eastern San Fernando Valley.

Downtown Los Angeles (USC) recorded 0.91 inch of rain for the storm, bringing the water year total to 16.17 inches, which is more than an inch above the 1971-2000 annual climate norm of 15.14 inches*. Here's an archived copy of a NWS Public Information Statement with some rainfall totals from around the area.

The additional rainfall puts Downtown Los Angeles at 1.51 inches for the month of April, well above the climate normal of 0.83 inches. The normal amount of precipitation for May is 0.31 inches, and for June is 0.06 inches. Although the current El Nino appears to be in decline, convection is still enhanced in a broad area of the western and central equatorial Pacific, and the GWO, MEI, and ONI all indicate the continued presence of El Nino. This could result in more active Spring weather than usual. We'll see!

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*The average annual rainfall for Los Angeles of 15.14 inches is computed on a calendar year basis for the 30 year period 1971-2000. Technically it is not a water year average, but by convention it is used as a reference for water year rainfall. For details about how normal temperature and precipitation values are computed, see CLIMATOGRAPHY OF THE U.S. NO. 81 - Monthly Station Normals.

This week's Pacific system produced more rain in Southern California than recent similar troughs. The front associated with the system stalled as it approached the Los Angeles basin, and the low level inflow and jet dynamics helped sustain rain rates as the front dissipated.

Downtown Los Angeles (USC) recorded 0.60 inch of rain, bringing the water year total to 15.26 inches, which is above the 1971-2000 annual climate norm of 15.14 inches*. Here's an archived copy of a NWS Public Information Statement with some rainfall totals from around the area.

The water year ends June 30, so we still have a few weeks to add to our rainfall total. Los Angeles rainfall was below normal for the month of March, but we're already above normal month to date for April and it looks like more wet weather could be on the way. Recent runs of the GFS and ECMWF have been suggesting another system will affect Southern California the Sunday evening to Monday timeframe, and also project the possibility of another system midweek. We'll see!

More information concerning Southern California weather can be found using our WEATHER LINKS page.

*The average annual rainfall for Los Angeles of 15.14 inches is computed on a calendar year basis for the 30 year period 1971-2000. Technically it is not a water year average, but by convention it is used as a reference for water year rainfall. For details about how normal temperature and precipitation values are computed, see CLIMATOGRAPHY OF THE U.S. NO. 81 - Monthly Station Normals.

After peaking at a standardized relative AAM anomaly of 2.21 around February 5, 2010, the Global Wind Oscillation (GWO) has plunged 3 SD in relative AAM to a value of -0.90. This is the lowest value of relative AAM anomaly since mid October, 2009. Much of the loss in AAM was from the mid latitudes of the NH. From the week of February 22-28 to March 19-25, 7-day averaged 250 mb Zonal Mean Zonal Winds decreased from about 43 m/s at 30°N to 33 m/s at 30°N-45°N. The decrease in relative AAM reduced the likelihood of an extended and southward displaced North Pacific Ocean jet, and associated Southern California El Nino impacts.

In fact, there has been no measurable precipitation at Downtown Los Angeles (USC) since March 6, 2010. Los Angeles rainfall is now 2.23 inches below normal for the month of March, and only 1.15 inches above the water year norm for the date.

In the last week there has been an increase in relative AAM from about 40°N to 50°N. The GWO and AAM appears to have bottomed out and cyclical subseasonal processes may be working to revitalize Western Pacific convection and El Nino related forcing. If the GWO continues its current orbit, relative AAM would be expected to increase in the 6-10 day period.

The GFS and ECMWF have been showing a strong Pacific jet and trough affecting the West Coast next week. There are significant differences in the GFS and ECMWF model solutions, and although 5-day model performance has been good recently, performance often suffers during seasonal transitions. This morning's 12z GFS puts the initial focus of the event in the Pacific Northwest early in the week. Precipitation is forecast to spread into Northern and Central California, and finally Southern California, as the week progresses, and the trough deepens and moves onshore.

It's way too early to say how this system will affect Southern California. Many processes are in play that could affect the amount of precipitation here, pro or con. Yesterday afternoon's 00z ECMWF appeared to project a wetter solution for Southern California than this morning's 12z GFS, with the upper low and trough evolving a little more to the west. It does look like there is the potential for heavy snow in the Sierra. We'll see!

Update 04/03/10. The frontal band and upper low associated with the trough that moved through the area overnight Wednesday into Thursday produced some showers and some spectacular clouds in the Los Angeles area. The bulk of the precipitation occurred from Central California north into the Pacific Northwest. The upper low stayed offshore as it moved down the coast and past the Los Angeles basin. Avalon and some mountain locations recorded more than 0.1 inch of precipitation, but generally amounts south of Pt. Conception ranged from a trace to few hundredths. Here's an archived copy of a NWS Public Information Statement with some rainfall totals from around the area. A similar system is forecast to produce some rain in Los Angeles area Sunday night. BUFKIT analysis of 18z NAM data for Van Nuys projects about 0.4 inch of precipitation. The 09z SREF shows a high probability of measurable rain, but a sharp decrease in the probability of more than 0.1 inch/day south of Pt. Conception. We'll see!

There was an interesting lenticular wave train northwest of Los Angeles earlier this month. The situation was peculiar because the wind at nearly all levels at that time was from the northwest, and the wind forming the wave clouds appeared to be from the north-northeast. The tops of the wave clouds were being sheared by winds blowing from the northwest (left to right). An ARL NAM-12 based wind profile for the area on March 10 for 06z, shows a possible source of the winds that produced the waves, as well as the shear. Here's an animated series of NRL satellite photos showing the complex wind and wave pattern at the time.

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As forecast, an energetic upper low skirted the Los Angeles area yesterday on its way south into northern Baja, Mexico. As the low moved south, a vorticity lobe spinning around the low arced into the Southern California coast, producing rain, thunderstorms, waterspouts, and blustery winds.

Rain amounts were variable, generally ranging from about 0.25 inch to 0.75 inch around the Los Angeles area. Indicative of the convective nature of the precipitation, Downtown Los Angeles (USC) recorded 0.42 inch, while a few miles away LAX recorded only 0.18 inch for the storm. The water year total for Downtown Los Angeles now stands at 14.66 inches -- only 0.48 inch less than the annual norm of 15.14 inches. Here is an archived copy of NWS Public Information Statement with some more rainfall amounts for this rain event.

Reflecting the enhancement of El Niño by the MJO at the end of January, the Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) for January-February has increased to 1.5. As discussed by Klaus Wolter, MEI originator, this is the highest value of the Jan-Feb MEI since the strong El Niño of 1997-1998, and the fifth highest MEI value for Jan-Feb since 1950. This places the El Nino of 2009-10 in the top 10% of MEI rankings for the season since 1950, and above the "strong" El Niño threshold, as measured by the MEI. Here is a chart comparing the current El Niño to others since 1950.

The increase in the MEI corresponds to the increase in relative AAM since mid January and underscores the potential role of the Global Wind Oscillation (GWO) in assessing the response of the atmosphere to El Niño. It also reinforces the notion that the El Niño phenomena is more than just warm SSTs in the central equatorial Pacific. As we've seen several times in recent years, warm SST anomalies in the Niño 3.4 region alone are not sufficient for evaluating an El Niño and its potential impacts.

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Tuesday's trough was even more feeble than expected south of Santa Barbara, barely managing to wet the streets and generate an official "trace" of rain in the Los Angeles area. Wednesday's upper low dug a little further south than expected, resulting in some moderate showers. Rainfall amounts were variable, generally ranging from a few hundredths in the basin to 0.25 inch or so at some mountain locations . Here are archived copies of NWS Public Information Statements with some rainfall amounts for Tuesday's trough and Wednesday's upper low.

Downtown Los Angeles (USC) recorded 0.06 inch of rain Wednesday, bringing the water year total (July 1-June 30) to 14.24 inches, which is 3.05 inches above normal for the date.

Another finicky upper low may produce some rain in Southern California this weekend. Just how much depends on the behavior of the low and it's proximity to the Southern California coast. If the low track is too far offshore, rainfall amounts could be dramatically reduced. This is well illustrated by 09z SREF plot showing the forecast probability that precipitation will exceed 0.1 inch for the 24 hr. period ending Saturday at 7:00 p.m. BUFKIT analyses of today's 18z NAM data for Santa Barbara, Van Nuys and LAX all produce about 0.3 inch of rain, mostly on Saturday.

Update 03/05/10 8:00 a.m. The models continue to have difficulty with the timing and precipitation amounts for this weekend's storm. This isn't surprising since small changes in the track of the upper low, the amount of moisture entrained, and other factors could have a big effect on the amount of rain in a particular region. Yesterday afternoon's run of the NAM generated nearly an inch of rain at Van Nuys, but this morning's 12z run of the NAM is back down to the neighborhood of 0.3 inch. Today's 09z SREF suggests the highest precipitation amounts may occur to the south of Los Angeles. Here's an SREF plot of the probability that precipitation will exceed 0.25 inch for the 24 hr. period ending 10:00 a.m. Sunday. We'll see!

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A primary frontal band, secondary frontal band, and upper low associated with a strong Pacific storm system produced periods of heavy rain in Southern California on Saturday. Rainfall totals for the system generally ranged from about 1.0 to 2.0 inches, with somewhat higher amounts recorded at a few mountain locations. Here is an archived copy of a NWS Public Information Statement with some precipitation totals from around the area.

Downtown Los Angeles (USC) recorded 0.80 inch of rain for the storm, bringing the water year total (Jul 1-Jun 30) to 14.18 inches, which is 3.25 inches above normal. Saturday, Burbank set a new rainfall record for the date of 1.6 inches.

The weather forecast for the Los Angeles area this week looks like a near repeat of last week, with a chance of showers mid-week, and then a possibility of a somewhat stronger storm for the weekend.

Just 24 hours before a trough is forecast to produce a chance of showers in the Los Angeles area, the models are still having difficulty with the forecast. The nature of the system is the culprit -- the evolution of the trough and precise track of a following upper low is far from certain. Today's 09z SREF suggest a high probability (70%-90%) of very light rain (>0.01 inch) for the 24 hr. period ending 7:00 a.m. Wednesday morning, but south of Pt. Conception there is a rapid decrease of the probability of more than 0.1 inch of precipitation over the same period.

More information concerning Southern California weather can be found using our WEATHER LINKS page.

A weakening frontal band produced some light rain in Southern California yesterday afternoon and evening. Precipitation amounts in the Los Angeles area ranged from a trace to a few hundredths of an inch. Amounts were higher to the north, closer to the surface low. A few stations in Santa Barbara and San Luis Obispo counties recorded more than 0.5 inch and some recorded more than an inch. Here is an archived copy of a NWS Public Information Statement with some precipitation totals from around the area.

Today, a much stronger Pacific storm system begins to impact the West Coast, with the highest precipitation totals forecast for Northern California and the Sierra Nevada. BUFKIT analysis of this morning's 12z NAM data for Van Nuys generates about 1.3 inch of rain, beginning late Friday night and continuing into Saturday afternoon. The 18z NAM run starts the rain a little earlier Friday night, and extends the period of precipitation into Saturday evening. It produces about 1.8 inch of rain at Van Nuys over the period. Today's 09z SREF indicated a probability of about 50%-70% that precipitation in the Los Angeles area would exceed 0.5 inch for the 24 hr. period ending Saturday afternoon at 4:00 p.m. Precipitable water values approaching an inch and strong southerly low level inflow could produce higher rain rates and precipitation totals on south to southwest facing foothill and mountain slopes.

Since being reinforced by a strong MJO at the end of January, El Niño convection has remained active in the Central Pacific (animation). In terms of relative atmospheric angular momentum (AAM), the atmosphere's response is the strongest since the El Ninos of 1997-1998 and 2004-2005. Average AAM for our rain season (November to date) has increased from -0.046 at the beginning of the year to 0.341 as of February 23. This El Nino Comparison Chart shows how this El Niño compares to others since 1950.

So far this rain season, Downtown Los Angeles (USC) has recorded above average rainfall every month, except for November. And November's rain came early -- in October.

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